![]() ![]() 1 General formulated expectations include that they should resist gastric, bile, and pancreatic secretions, attach to epithelial cells, and colonize the human intestine. Probiotics are commonly defined as live nonpathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits on the host, when administered in adequate amounts. Defensin induction seems to be a common and important mechanism of probiotic treatment. Functional assays showed that all tested bacteria were similarly killed by defensins allowing to speculate about a suicidal character of this effect. coli genotypes and comparable to probiotic E. ![]() In vitro studies revealed that this effect was mediated by only one out of three tested E. Interestingly, the fecal hBD-2 peptide was still elevated 9 weeks after treatment ( P=0.008). After 3 weeks, fecal hBD-2 peptide was increased in 78% (mean 3.7-fold P<0.0001). Symbioflor 2 containing one strain of several viable genotypes of Escherichia coli was administered to 23 healthy individuals. Here, we aimed to assess the in vivo effect in healthy volunteers and also addressed how defensins affect probiotic survival. In vitro studies showed that clinically effective probiotics induce antimicrobial hBD-2. ![]() Inducible epithelial human β-defensins (hBD) play an important role in intestinal barrier function. ![]()
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